What does tone refer to in writing?

Tone in writing refers to the attitude or emotional quality the author conveys through their word choice, sentence structure, and literary devices. It's comparable to how tone in speech involves variation in vocal expression to convey feelings or moods, as indicated in the correct answer. When an author writes, they can express various tones—such as joyful, somber, sarcastic, or formal—through their choice of words and phrasing, which impacts how the reader perceives the text.

The other options do not accurately represent the concept of tone. The overall structure of a written piece pertains to how the content is organized rather than the emotional quality it expresses. A specific word or phrase relates more to diction or vocabulary than the author's broader attitudes. Finally, while an author's personal opinion can influence tone, it does not encompass the entire idea of what tone means in writing, as tone is more about the emotional resonance rather than just personal beliefs.